Ann Intern Med 140:265–268Ĭalkins H, Leon AR, Deam AG et al (1994) Catheter ablation of atrial flutter using radiofrequency energy. Halligan SC, Gersh BJ, Brown RD Jr et al (2004) The natural history of lone atrial flutter. Scheinman MM, Yang Y (2004) Atrial flutter: historical notes - Part 1. Waldo AL, Mackall JA, Biblo LA (1997) Mechanisms and medical management of patients with atrial flutter.
This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.ĭisertori M, Inama G, Vergara G et al (1983) Evidence of a reentry circuit in the common type of atrial flutter in man. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors.
During atrial flutter, the use of 3D electroanatomic mapping studies and the entrainment pacing technique have aided in defining the mechanism of the arrhythmia with the activation sequence, providing information regarding the timing of intra-atrial events with respect to the surface electrocardiogram, especially for the non-CTI-dependent form and for left flutter.įurther study will be needed, however, to definite the precise boundaries of flutter and to better identify correlations between the location of the different electrophysiologic types of reentrant circuits and their electrocardiographic characteristics. Resetting responses and response to entrainment have confirmed the reentrant nature of flutter and established the presence of a fully excitable gap in the majority of patients.
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